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the Basics of Subsurface Heat pump systems
Although not directly petroleum related this short essay does address subsurface aquifers used for heat exchangers; Comments are welcome!

The climatic temperature throughout a year is not noticeable below 10-20 meters underground and. This is the principle a heat pump system relies on. In winter the earth has a relatively high temperature and in summer it has a relatively colder temperature than the outside air.
Because of this the heat stored in the earth can be used for heating a building, while in the summer the heat can be transferred into the ground, reducing energy bills and gas usage.
A geologist or hydrologist will need to examine certain areas for their ‘heat pump potential’. Answering question like: Does the water flow away and will the warm water cause more dissolution of minerals?
Recent research has found evidence for increased dissolution of feldspars but because of increased calcite precipitation, pore space stays the same, thus not causing unfavourable changes to geothermal installations [1].

References

[1] García, J.; Pruess, K. (2002) Multiphase flow dynamics during CO2 disposal into saline aquifers Environmental geology, Volume: 42 Issue: 2-3 (June 1, 2002), pp: 282-295

To provide heat to the home of some of the components are added to the base of the air conditioner. A reversing valve is in addition to changing the direction of refrigerant flow. In the heating mode, which causes the temperature of the refrigerant above, then the inside temperature.

martinnman,

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